AI-Driven Nanotechnology and Intelligent Nanoparticle Systems for Precision Cancer Diagnosis and Targeted Drug Delivery

Abstract

Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are transforming oncology by enabling precise cancer diagnosis and targeted drug delivery with reduced systemic toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy and radiation. Nanoparticles such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric carriers, and metallic nanostructures improve biocompatibility, prolong circulation, and enhance site-specific targeting. In diagnostics, Nano systems including quantum dots, Nano sensors, and biosensors detect tumour biomarkers with high sensitivity, allowing early detection and real-time monitoring. Theragnostic nanoparticles further unify diagnostic and therapeutic roles, advancing personalized cancer care. Recent developments highlight nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy, gene therapy, nano-immunotherapy, and CRISPR-based delivery, supported by clinically approved nanomedicines such as liposomal doxorubicin and albumin-bound paclitaxel. Despite progress, clinical translation faces challenges, including long-term safety, scalable manufacturing, toxicity, and regulatory constraints. Artificial intelligence (AI) now enhances this domain by guiding the rational design of nanoparticles, predicting optimal physicochemical properties, and integrating genomic and clinical data to personalize treatment. AI-powered Nano sensors and machine learning platforms improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic response prediction. The convergence of AI with nanotechnology represents a transformative step toward precision oncology, offering safer, more effective, and individualized cancer therapy.