Evaluating chlorpheniramine and cetirizine in the treatment of urticaria: A parallel study on efficacy and safety

Abstract

Hives, or urticaria, is a common skin condition characterized by itchy, red, raised welts that appear suddenly and often recur. It affects 25-30% of the population at some point, predominantly young adults and more females than males. The condition is triggered by the release of histamine from mast cells, leading to swelling and itching. Causes include allergies, infections, physical stimuli, stress, and autoimmune reactions, with about half of chronic cases having unknown origins. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by patient history and symptom pattern. Treatment focuses on symptom relief, primarily using antihistamines. First-generation antihistamines like chlorpheniramine provide symptom relief but with sedative side effects, whereas second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine offer improved efficacy and tolerability. Studies show cetirizine to be more effective in chronic urticaria management, though side effects vary individually. This article presents a longitudinal, parallel study comparing chlorpheniramine and cetirizine, highlighting their effectiveness and safety profiles to guide optimal urticaria management.